鲤肠道正常菌群的研究

本实验用稀释滴种的定量方法,对淡水养殖地中健康鲤肠道内的１０种菌群进行了定性、定量分析,并对结果进行统计学处理,得到鲤肠菌群的一些生理值。结果表明鲤肠道中需氧、兼性厌氧优势菌是气单胞菌和酵母菌,厌氧优势菌是拟杆菌。对不同时间、不同温度条件下同一养殖池中鲤肠道菌群的测定结果比较表明：葡萄球菌、假单胞菌差异显著（ｐ＜０．０５）,气单胞菌、大肠杆菌、需氧芽胞杆菌、酵母菌、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、拟杆菌、梭状芽胞杆菌差异不显著（ｐ＞０．０５）,表明该８种菌群在鲤肠道中的菌数处于相对稳定状态,属于肠道正常菌群。     

Differential adenoassociated virus vector-driven expression of a neuropeptide Y gene in primary rat brain astroglial cultures after transfection with sendai virosomes versus LipofectinTM

The ability of Sendai virosomes or Lipofectin^TM to introduce an AAV vector into primary rat brain astroglial cultures was characterized. The pJDT95npy vector was constructed by inserting rat NPY cDNA downstream from the indigenous AAV p5, p19 and p40 promoters in pJDT95. Lipofectin^TM-mediated transfection with pJDT95npy (10 g) resulted in pronounced expression of several NPY mRNA species: p5-driven (3.3 kb), p19-driven (2.7 kb) and p40-driven (0.6, 0.8, 1.1, and 1.8 kb). Exposure to virosomally encapsulated pJDT95npy (50 or 100 ng) resulted in transient expression of some p40-driven mRNA species (0.8 and 1.8 kb). Neither method produced astroglia cells which synthesized mature NPY immunoreactivity. This demonstrates that an AAV-derived vector can drive gene expression in astroglia, that Sendai virosomes can infuse vectors into astroglia, but that the amount of DNA infused in this manner may limit long term expression.     

心脏肾素－血管紧张素系统在游泳引起的生理性心肌肥大中的作用

本实验采用游泳训练（ＳＷ）引起的大鼠心肌肥大模型,通过放射免疫及生化等方法,对生理性心肌肥大时,心脏和循环肾素－血管紧张素系统（ＲＡＳ）的变化进行了初步研究。观察到游泳五周时,大鼠左、右心室重与体重比值（Ｖ／Ｂｗｔ）显著升高,同时,左、右室心肌血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ）含量及心肌Ａｎｇ转换酶（ＡＣＥ）活性也较对照组明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。心肌ＡｎｇⅡ与Ｖ／Ｂｗｔ之间存在明显的正相关关系（ｒ＝０．７７２１,Ｐ＜０．００１）。ＳＷ组血浆ＡｎｇⅠ,Ⅱ及肾素活性（ＲＡ）与对照组相比无明显差异,其血浆ＡｎｇⅡ与Ｖ／Ｂｗｔ之间无明显相关性。上述研究提示：心脏ＲＡＳ在ＳＷ引起的生理性心肌肥大中可能起着重要作用,而且这种作用在很大程度上不依赖于循环ＲＡＳ。     

稻虱跗扇的个体发生研究：卵的形成和胚胎发育

捻翅目昆虫是胎生的,胚胎发育和孵化均在母体血腔内进行。稻虱跗Ｅｌｅｎｃｈｉｎｕｓ　ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓ属捻翅目,跗科,寄生于白背稻虱、褐稻虱和灰稻虱。本文报道稻虱跗　卵的形成各阶段：１）雌虫体内无典型的卵巢,所有卵在母体体腔内同步发育和成熟。最早发现的原卵是包囊干细胞,在雌幼虫血腔内。２）每个包囊细胞内含２５６个姐妹细胞,其中有一个细胞分化成卵母细胞,其余的成为营养细胞。３）成熟卵为椭圆形,大小为７５－１００×４０－５０μｍ。其胚胎发育过程按顺序包括：卵裂、胎盘形成、胚带分节、附肢形成和胚胎背合等阶段。稻虱跗　行单胚生殖。     

Homology models of two isozymes of manganese peroxidase: Prediction of a Mn(II) binding site

The three-dimensional structures of two isozymes of manganese peroxidase (MnP) have been predicted from homology modeling using lignin peroxidase as a template. Although highly homologous, MnP differs from LiP by the requirement of Mn(II) as an intermediate in its oxidation of substrates. The Mn(II) site is absent in LiP and unique to the MnP family of peroxidases. The model structures were used to identify the unique Mn(II) binding sites, to determine to what extent they were conserved in the two isozymes, and to provide insight into why this site is absent in LiP. For each isozyme of MnP, three candidate Mn(II) binding sites were identified. Energy optimizations of the three possible Mn(II) enzyme complexes allowed the selection of the most favorable Mn(II) binding site as one with the most anionic oxygen moieties best configured to act as ligands for the Mn(II). At the preferred site, the Mn(II) is coordinated to the carboxyl oxygens of Glu-35, Glu-39, and Asp-179, and a propionate group of the heme. The predicted Mn(II) binding site is conserved in both isozymes. Comparison between the residues at this site in MnP and the corresponding residues in LiP shows that two of the three anionic residues in MnP are replaced by neutral residues in LiP, explaining why LiP does not bind Mn(II). © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Zn对细胞保护作用机理的研究

应用扫描质子微探针和同步辐射ｘ荧光分析技术测定了细胞中元素的分布和组成,为确定Zn是细胞结构成分提供了直接的实验依据.用上述核技术结合有关生化指标,分析测定了正常和损伤细胞（脂质过氧化损伤）中Fe,Zn和丙二醛、SH基含量变化的相互关系.实验结果表明,当细胞发生脂质过氧化损伤时,Fe含量和丙二醛含量同步增高,而Zn含量和SH基量则降低.给细胞补充Zn后,提高了细胞质膜中的Zn含量,SH基量也随之增加,同时丙二醛量降低.提示Zn保护细胞完整性的作用机理之一是控制脂质过氧化作用.Zn可保护膜蛋白的SH基,减少和阻止被Fe所催化的过氧化反应.     

血管活性肠多肽结合核苷酸性质的研究

采用光亲和技术检测了血管活性肠多肽(VIP)与核苷酸之间的相互作用,发现VIP可以特异性结合同位素标记的GTP,还发现未标记的GTP以及其它三磷酸核苷抑制这种结合,这意味着VIP与上述三磷酸核苷之间的结合是一种典型的可逆性的结合反应.发现低浓度的GDP,GMP不但不抑制VIP与同位素标记GTP的结合反应,反而增强这种结合.联系到其它研究者关于GTP影响VIP与其受体结合反应的结果,可认为VIP能可逆性地连接一种三磷酸核苷,这种连接受反应系统中不同核苷酸比例影响,通过这种连接来调节VIP与其受体之间的反应.     

沈阳西部污灌水中有机污染物的分析

沈阳西部污灌水中有机污染物的分析刘海玲,张丽珊,姚家彪,于殿臣,朱岩,可夫,姜萍（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,１１００１５）ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆＯｒｇａｎｉｃＰｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｉｎＩｒｒｉｇａｔｅｄｓｅｗａｇｅＩｎＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＳｈｅｎｙａｎｇ．...     

Application of fuzzy reasoning to control of glucose and ethanol concentrations in baker's yeast culture

Fuzzy reasoning was applied to control both ethanol and glucose concentrations in fed-batch cultures of baker's yeast. This fuzzy controller consisted of three membership functions (concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), ethanol and glucose) and 18 production rules. Fuzzy inference was carried out by IF {A is a and B is b,...#x007D;, THEN {C is c} from the on-line measured concentrations of DO, ethanol and glucose. When medium concentrations of ethanol and glucose in fed-batch culture of baker's yeast were set at 2 g/l and 0.2 g/l, both ethanol and glucose concentrations were controlled at 2.67±0.35 g/l and 0.27±0.25 g/l, respectively, ethanol production was reduced from 26 g/l to 34 g/l, cell yield increased from 0.38 to 0.53 g dry cell/g consumed glucose and ethanol yield decreased from 0.50 to 0.14 g ethanol/g consumed glucose, respectively, as compared with those of the glucose only control at 0.2 g/l.     

宋内氏痢疾菌侵袭相关基因的克隆与表达

用粘粒PJB8为载体,构建了宋内氏痢疾菌I相大质粒基因库。用菌落原位杂交,Western blot方法从文库中筛选到1株表达IpaA,B,C,D 4种蛋白的重组子。经重组质粒酶切和Southern blot等方法对宋内氏菌和福氏2a痢疾菌的侵袭相关基因片段作了初步比较分析。